Zolpidem

What it is

Zolpidem acts on the same GABA-A receptor system as benzodiazepines but binds more selectively, which is why its main effect is sedation and sleep onset rather than broad anxiety relief. It is prescription-only and is used for insomnia, as a short course rather than an ongoing treatment.

Used for

• Insomnia

What to know while taking it

It is taken at bedtime on an empty stomach, since food slows absorption and delays the onset of sleep, and it works best when a full night in bed follows. Alcohol must not be combined with it, and morning driving needs caution because impairment can persist after waking. Dependence can develop, so courses are short by design and the drug is not stopped abruptly after regular nightly use. Complex sleep behaviours such as sleep-walking, eating or driving while not fully awake are rare but recognised.

When to see a doctor

Any episode of acting out while asleep, or of no memory for part of the night, is a reason to see a doctor before taking it again. Persistent daytime grogginess, confusion, or insomnia that returns worse than before also merit a review.

Worth knowing

• Can cause dependence
• Short courses only
• Do not combine with alcohol
• Care when driving
• Rare sleep-walking