Diazepam

What it is

Diazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine that enhances GABA signalling in the brain and spinal cord, which both reduces anxiety and relaxes skeletal muscle. It is used for anxiety and for muscle spasm, and is prescription-only. Its long duration means effects persist well beyond the moment of the dose.

Used for

• Anxiety
• Spasm

What to know while taking it

Food does not matter for absorption in any practical sense. Alcohol compounds the sedation and should not be combined with it, and driving deserves real caution because impairment can outlast the feeling of drowsiness. Dependence develops with continued use, so courses are kept short, and after regular use the drug is not stopped abruptly — a doctor supervises the reduction.

When to see a doctor

Excessive drowsiness, confusion, unsteadiness with falls, or slow and shallow breathing warrant medical attention. Needing more of it for the same effect, or withdrawal symptoms such as tremor, agitation or sleeplessness between doses, is also a reason to see a doctor.

Worth knowing

• Can cause dependence
• Short courses only
• Do not combine with alcohol
• Care when driving
• Do not stop abruptly