Alprazolam

What it is

Alprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine that increases the effect of GABA, the main calming signal in the brain, which dampens overactivity and reduces anxiety fairly quickly. It is prescribed for anxiety and is prescription-only. Because tolerance and dependence develop, it is intended for short courses.

Used for

• Anxiety

What to know while taking it

It can be taken with or without food. Alcohol adds to its sedative effect and the combination is not safe; the same caution applies to driving and to other machinery until the degree of drowsiness is known. Dependence is the main long-term issue, so the course length is kept short deliberately, and the drug is not stopped abruptly after regular use — withdrawal can be severe and a doctor plans the taper.

When to see a doctor

Marked confusion, memory gaps, heavy sedation or breathing that feels slow or shallow are reasons to seek medical help. So is a growing sense that the usual amount no longer works, or that stopping feels impossible.

Worth knowing

• Can cause dependence
• Short courses only
• Do not combine with alcohol
• Care when driving
• Do not stop abruptly